Multiple, evolving cutaneous nodules present at birth in a well, term infant

Madabhushi, S. R., DSilva, N., King, A. — 2026-04-17T00:45:42-07:00

A term female infant was born weighing 3.4 kg after uneventful antenatal care. There was no significant family medical history of note.

Evident at birth were a series of erythematous nodular lesions on the back (10 mm by 10 mm) and groin (8 mm by 8 mm). The nodules were firm and well demarcated, with purple discolouration. There were visible capillaries with an area of central pallor which crusted within 24 hours (figure 1). The rest of the examination was unremarkable. Empirical treatment for infection was given, with a mild C-reactive protein rise to 9 mg/L.

A clinical review by dermatology resulted in a punch biopsy of one lesion, and a diagnosis of infantile myofibromatosis was made.

Infantile myofibromatosis describes a benign spindle cell tumour of the soft tissues with fibrous proliferation of skin, bone or muscle1 and must be present at multiple sites to be diagnostic. It is the most...

Extensive leukaemia cutis at birth

Iwatani, S., Ohnishi, Y., Goto, H., Saito, A., Yoshimoto, S. — 2026-04-17T00:45:42-07:00

Case

A female neonate was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation by emergency caesarean section due to non-reassuring fetal status with polyhydramnios (amniotic fluid index: 39 cm) and fetal hepatomegaly. She presented with hypotonia and poor respiratory effort at birth, requiring intubation and resuscitation. Persistent pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed and treated with 100% oxygen and inhaled nitric oxide. Numerous dark-purple papular to nodular lesions (1–10 mm) were noted on the face, trunk and extremities, covering nearly the entire body (figure 1). Hepatosplenomegaly was also evident. Laboratory findings included extreme hyperleukocytosis with a leucocyte count of 535.7 x 10⁹/L, anaemia (haemoglobin 7.2 g/dL), a normal platelet count (186 x 10⁹/L), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (7829 IU/L), and hyperuricaemia (uric acid 7.3 mg/dL). Exchange transfusions were performed four times to reduce leukocytosis-related hyperviscosity and manage tumour lysis syndrome. Bone marrow examination showed a predominance of immature monocytic cells, consistent...

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition Images in neonatal medicine

Multiple, evolving cutaneous nodules present at birth in a well, term infant

Extensive leukaemia cutis at birth